No Political Connections wrote:
The statement was made by a canadian (when asked how it was that we had so many hurt and there were no canadian kids getting hurt) that the reason for it is because they teach hitting and body contact as soon as they put on the ice hockey gear.
NPC, I am quite familiar with the Canadian system. I coached for years in Saskatchewan, both association and AAA Summer hockey and served on hockey boards in Canada. My kids have played in the Canadian system, the Minnesota system , AAA systems on both sides of the border and in USAH single birth year systems.
I can tell you without question that we did not teach contact as soon as they put on hockey gear. Players had their first taste of body contact (and still do) in body checking camps immediately preceeding their first pee wee season, no different than here.
When I was coaching in Canada the issue of body contact was a hot issue. There were 2 prevailing schools of thought.
- One camp was based on the research, much of what is posted already in this thread, complete with links you can follow up on. A lot of moms, administrators, educators, medical experts.
- In the second camp many shared the opinion that if proper body contact was taught from a younger age then there would be fewer injuries as players would know how to better hit and better protect themselves. This group was mostly throwback hockey guys who did grow up with checking at young ages and stood by it. (initially, I was in this camp)
Here's a brief background from the Canadian Medical Association
http://www.cmaj.ca/cgi/content/full/169/2/124
Bodychecking, the most common cause of trauma in hockey,2,28,29,30 accounts for 86% of all injuries among players 9–15 years old.31 Players in contact leagues are 4 times as likely to be injured (among those 9–15 years old) and 12 times as likely to receive a fracture (among those 12–13 years old) as players in non-contact leagues.2,32,33,34 Of reported injuries among players 9–15 years old, 45% are caused by legal bodychecks and 8% by illegal checks, without a significant difference in the injury profiles between the 2 types of checking.35 Stricter enforcement of rules would not, therefore, have much impact on injury rates.
Before the start of the 2002–2003 season, Hockey Canada (previously known as the Canadian Hockey Association), reversed its 20-year stance and decided to permit players as young as 9 years old to bodycheck in games.10,11 Although the research12 that was used to justify this policy was later deemed flawed by its author and others,13 the policy stood. This ignited a debate that resounded throughout arenas, homes and league boardrooms across the country. Previously, only those aged 12–13 years and older could bodycheck, although some provinces such as British Columbia had a threshold of 14–15 years. Hockey Canada reversed its decision in May 2003 and decided to raise the starting age to 11; however, it continues to allow bodychecking starting at age 9 in an "experimental" fashion in 4 of some of the largest hockey associations in Canada.14,15,16 The meaning of "experimental" does not appear in Hockey Canada news releases.
Those in favour of bodychecking claim that the game of hockey demands it; youth exposed to bodychecking at only a later age will be ill equipped to avoid injury. They believe that injuries result from improperly delivered or taken bodychecks and that poor technique should not deter leagues from permitting checking. They argue that the focus should be on educating coaches and teaching bodychecking skills at all levels of hockey.
A lot of us were excited when a few of the Provinces decided to accommodate the second camp and institute body contact from the atom level (squirt here). I was coaching both novice (mite) and atom (squirt) through these experiments. One of my boys was part of the 'test group' and played both of his atom (squirt) years with full contact.
We lived near the borders of Manitoba and North Dakota, so we got to watch groups of kids we knew in all 3 areas develop through their squirt years and it didn't take long to see that the medical experts were indeed correct and that the old hockey guys were indeed wrong on this one. Maybe the game is different than we remember it. I don't know.
But there was a clear difference. The atom kids playing without fear of getting clobbered skated through traffic with confidence and continued their skill development with a smile on their face. Sure, they had their heads down a bit but that was ok at this age and easily corrected when they did get into a collision game.
In Saskatchewan we witnessed "career-ending" injuries at 9 years old, an amazing increase in concussion in our children and kids quitting hockey (both mentally on the ice and pulling right out of the game) at 9 and 10 years old because they didn't like getting hit. Of course, many kids were able to adapt but there was a significant enough number of kids getting hurt and getting scared that it out-weighed any benefit.
Of course, there are still the die hard throw-back hockey guys who live in denial and insist early contact is still the answer, but that argument is getting harder to make in the growing mountain of evidence to the contrary.
To date ALL of the provinces who participated in the experiment have since abandoned it and gone back to checking at peewee hockey at it's earliest and some provinces (Quebec & BC) do not allow body-checking until bantam with extraordinary benefits to it's participants which include player safety, player retention, plahyer development, longer and more enjoyable youth careers
Today, the same kids who were the 'test subjects' of that experiment are no better body checkers than their Canadian / American counterparts who were not part of that experiment.
In my opinion, the small percentage elite kids may have ultimately benefited, as they were able to add another obstacle (contact) to chellenge their game. But for the vast majority of *average* players, all this added element did was further diminish what they could do with their 93 seconds of puck time during the game. The kids who really suffered were the bottom end, who were struggling just to keep up. For them the game simply became unplayable.
Bottom line, the guy you met Canada was feeding you a ball of yarn. The Canadian-style of hockey might be more physical where the America game has more focus on puck movement, but kids in Canada are certainly NOT getting taught to hit as soon they lace up. It's no dfferent than here.
I'll let CMA finish out this post "in their own words", it's eye opening stuff ...
http://www.cmaj.ca/cgi/content/full/169/2/124
Should bodychecking be allowed in youth hockey?
Many proponents of bodychecking argue that it is an important skill that allows players to take control of the puck, creates scoring opportunities and helps with defensive positioning and coverage, making it valuable to overall team play.18 Teams often have a checking line of 3 players who play against an opposing team's top scoring line to minimize their scoring opportunities and tire them out. As is evident in any playoff series, this checking is often used as physical and mental intimidation to gain control of the game.31,68
However, the relation between aggressive play and winning is much weaker than the proponents of bodychecking believe. In a study of 1462 recorded penalties in all 18 Stanley Cup final series from 1980 to 1997, teams playing with less violence were more likely to win.69 Compared with more violent teams, they had on average over 7 more shots on goal per game and 53 more shots on goal over a 7-game series. Losing teams engaged in more violence early in the game, which suggests that their motivation was not frustration of defeat but, rather, the mistaken belief that violence contributes to winning.69
Although the contribution of bodychecking to a team's success is questionable, it is such an integral part of the game at the professional level that it is unlikely to be eliminated soon. However, players should not be introduced to bodychecking until they can make a mature, informed choice regarding the issue. Enforced league policies that disallow bodychecking are still the best hope for reducing young players' injuries.70
The risks of bodychecking make it clear that checking is not necessary for play at the Canadian minor league hockey level55 — a position supported by the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine.4 The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends limiting bodychecking among players 15 years of age and less.2 Variations in body size and strength34 occur in all age groups, but they are most pronounced from 13 to 15 years; differences of 53 kg in body mass and 55 cm in height between the smallest and largest players have been reported in this age group.31 Since most physical growth is not complete before a person is 17 or 18 years old, bodychecking and hitting should be banned until at least that age. Leagues with players old enough to give consent should obtain informed consent from players before they join the body-contact league. The standard waiver that players are asked to sign to release leagues of all responsibility in the event of injury does not reach the standard of consent expected in activities with more than minimal potential harm. Also, it is unclear how informed consent will be obtained from the 9-year-old players in the 4 hockey associations who will be participating in Hockey Canada's "experiment" 15 and whether the process conforms to Tri-Council Policy.71
Awareness of injury prevention is fortunately being raised through programs such as the recently implemented Fair Play in minor hockey leagues.72 Such programs have been shown to reduce injury rates.32 Another strategy for maximizing player safety is education.73,74,75 Hockey Canada has recognized this need and has launched 2 programs to help coaches improve their skills: the Competency Based Educational Program and the Coaches Mentorship Program.55
Although coaches have a responsibility to teach safety techniques and coaches and parents should act as role models for good sportsmanship, these actions rarely happen consistently.69 Recently, 22 of 34 minor league coaches refused to participate in a video about concussion prevention because they thought that watching the video would make their players less aggressive and successful as a team.45,73 In one community, players 14–15 years old were less likely than younger players to believe that sportsmanship was "real important."31,70 Moreover, 26% of players 12–15 years old who understood that bodychecking from behind could cause serious injury or death reported that they would be willing to do so if they were angry or wanted "to get even." 31
In addition, parents may be encouraging their children to win at all costs in the hope of their pursuing scholarships and professional contracts.76 In one study, 32% of injured players said that they would continue to bodycheck to ensure a win; an additional 6% said they would do so in order to injure another player.77 Since aggression may be a learned behaviour rewarded in sport,78 youth and the public in general must be educated about its dangers and social unacceptability. Ideally, as role models for youth,79 professional players and media personnel should emphasize nonviolence.
Moreover, although the use of protective equipment may prevent some injuries, it may foster the attitude that it can prevent all injuries, it may lead to more lenient enforcement of the rules and, paradoxically, it may increase the number of serious injuries.74,75,80,81,82,83
Education and the elimination of bodychecking remain the most effective strategies for preventing concussions and other hockey-related injuries. Eliminating bodychecking could refocus the game on fun and skill — on skating, shooting, passing and team play. Physicians must play their roles as socially responsible citizens: the future of our youth and the game depend on it.